A detailed journey through the history and advancements in vaccinology is offered, beginning with the variolation practices in the early 17th century, the development of the first smallpox vaccine, and the continuous evolution and innovation in vaccine development up to the present day.
It is presented that computers can bring great changes to classrooms in the next decade, but improper enthusiasm must be discouraged and the passion for computers can be managed by a more realistic research agenda.
It is found that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 bce and earlier.
A narrative review of secondary historical sources is conducted to examine previous infodemics in relation to four infectious diseases associated with pandemics and challenge the assumption that misinformation is a new phenomenon associated with increased use of social media or with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Although the first European sheep flocks derive from Türkiye, in a notable parallel with ancient human genome discoveries, a major influx of Western steppe-related ancestry in the Bronze Age is detected.
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