Proposed models for the neural circuitry of normal anxiety as well as the anxiety disorders are discussed.
The overall observed prevalence estimate was similar to estimates calculated using Bayesian hierarchical and random effects models, and ASD prevalence was lower among non-Hispanic White (White) children than among Asian or Pacific Islander (A/PI) children (27.7) than among Asian or Pacific Islander (A/PI) children (38.5).
The behavioral data in healthy controls with and without genetic risk for depression, and in patient populations during the symptomatic phase of depression and when being remitted, suggest a trait abnormality of serotonin function in depression and that antidepressants may compensate for the underlying deficit.
Testing two families of large language models (LLMs) (GPT and LLaMA2) on a battery of measurements spanning different theory of mind abilities, Strachan et al. find that the performance of LLMs can mirror that of humans on most of these tasks.
It is argued that social scientists can address many of these limitations of Generative AI by creating open-source infrastructure for research on human behavior, not only to ensure broad access to high-quality research tools, but also because the progress of AI will require deeper understanding of the social forces that guide human behavior.
A roadmap for the ambitious yet responsible application of clinical LLMs in psychotherapy is provided and a vision is outlined for how LLMs might enable a new generation of studies of evidence-based interventions at scale, and how these studies may challenge assumptions about psychotherapy.
This work assemble and experiment with several of NLSOMs, leveraging mindstorms in them to solve some practical AI tasks: visual question answering, image captioning, text-to-image synthesis, 3D generation, egocentric retrieval, embodied AI, and general language-based task solving.
A higher socio‐demographic index moderated lower recovery and higher chronicity in AN across countries, and children/adolescents had more favorable outcomes across and within EDs than adults.
The purpose of this review was to identify and analyze risk factors for the development of depressive disorders in women in the postpartum period, to study some manifestations of postpartum depression.
Participants with resolved persistent symptoms after Covid-19 had objectively measured cognitive function similar to that in participants with shorter-duration symptoms, although short-duration Covid-19 was still associated with small cognitive deficits after recovery.
This position paper argues that the promise of LLM social simulations can be achieved by addressing five tractable challenges, and identifies promising directions, including context-rich prompting and fine-tuning with social science datasets.
Inspired by Jürgen Habermas’s theory of communicative action, the “Habermas Machine” was designed to iteratively generate group statements that were based on the personal opinions and critiques from individual users, with the goal of maximizing group approval ratings.
A randomized controlled trial testing an expert–fine-tuned Gen-AI–powered chatbot, Therabot, for mental health treatment of adults with clinically significant symptoms of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or at clinically high risk for feeding and eating disorders.
The Banbury Forum reviewed the evidence for DMHTs, identified the challenges to successful and sustainable implementation, investigated the factors that contributed to more successful implementation internationally, and developed the following recommendations: guided DMHTs should be offered to all patients experiencing common mental disorders, DMHT products and services should be reimbursable to support integration into the U.S. health care system.
Personalized brain circuit measures quantified using a new imaging technology in 801 patients with depression and anxiety identify six biotypes with unique symptoms, behaviors and responses to different types of treatment.
This paper presents SimBA, an open-source platform for automated, explainable machine learning analysis of behavior, which comes with extensive documentation, a graphical interface and an active community and works with any organism tracked by pose estimation.
It is suggested that, for MD, increasing ancestral and global diversity in genetic studies may be particularly important to ensure discovery of core genes and inform about transferability of findings.
The paper first defines AI and its scope in the area of mental health, then it looks at various facets of AI like machine learning, supervised machine learning and unsupervised machine learning and other facets of AI.
An online survey was conducted to assess psychiatrists' familiarity with the metabolic syndrome and its components in patients with bipolar disorder, and characterize their perspectives and practices regarding its impact on patient management.
This Review describes how natural language processing (NLP) can be used to analyse text data in behavioural science, and provides actionable recommendations for using NLP to ensure rigour and reproducibility.
This small pilot study failed to show differences in the response to guanfacine versus placebo in a small sample of predominantly male combat veterans with PTSD.
Aiming specific peripheral immune cell-derived matrix metalloproteinases could constitute novel therapeutic targets for stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
A considerable burden of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, among individuals recovering from COVID-19 is demonstrated, emphasize the need for comprehensive mental health support and tailored interventions for patients experiencing persistent symptoms after COVID-19 recovery.
A better understanding of the multifactorial persistence of somatic symptoms should lead to more specific, personalised, and mechanism-based treatment, and a reduction in the stigma patients commonly face.
A multi-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies 95 loci associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and implicate candidate genes, pathways and neurobiological systems underlying its pathophysiology.
A 4-month pilot study to investigate the effects of a ketogenic diet on individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with existing metabolic abnormalities, which highlighted improvements in metabolic health and psychiatric outcomes.
High EQ can improve the authors' communications with all others, enhance their perception of satisfaction with ourselves and their lives and increase their productiveness overall.
Interventions that include a focus on the TDF domains 'environmental context and resources,' 'social influences,' and 'goals,' hold particular promise for promoting active student lifestyles.
Early symptom changes were specific to treatment, with early response in the core depression factor (Maier subscale), anxiety, and motor activity for duloxetine, and core factor and anxiety for escitalopram.
A computational model called Centaur, developed by fine-tuning a language model on a huge dataset called Psych-101, can predict and simulate human nature in experiments expressible in natural language, even in previously unseen situations.
In conclusion, gamification has demonstrated promise for promoting children’s and adolescents’ physical and mental health, and additional research is required to evaluate gamification interventions’ long-term effectiveness and sustainability in promoting health behaviors among this population.
The results indicate that aripiprazole was effective in about two thirds of subjects that tolerated this medication, suggesting beginning treatment at lower doses.
This work explores how increasingly capable AI agents may generate the perception of deeper relationships with users, especially as AI becomes more personalised and agentic.
In these patients with bipolar depression, the antidepressant effectiveness of PAROX was unacceptably low, but rates of recovery with MAOIs were significantly higher.
Positive changes suggest that this simple, inexpensive treatment for pathological gambling helps pathological gamblers, and the role of naltrexone in the treatment effect needs to be determined with a larger, placebo-controlled study.
This article reviews recent research in the neuropathology, neuroimaging, and developmental psychopathology of schizophrenia, with an aim to critically evaluate several recent proposals concerning the nature and timing of both the neuroanatomic abnormalities underlying the disorder and their behavioral manifestations.
The conclusion is that most psychotherapies for the eight mental disorders are effective compared with control conditions, but absolute response rates are modest.
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