It is argued that social scientists can address many of these limitations of Generative AI by creating open-source infrastructure for research on human behavior, not only to ensure broad access to high-quality research tools, but also because the progress of AI will require deeper understanding of the social forces that guide human behavior.
The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) forecasting model was based on projections of completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCF50; the average number of children born over time to females from a specified birth cohort), which yields more stable and accurate measures of fertility than directly modelling TFR.
A taxonomy for risks and benefits of personalized LLMs is developed and the need for normative decisions on what are acceptable bounds of personalization is discussed, to enable users to benefit from personalized alignment while safeguarding against harmful impacts for individuals and society.
BLEnD, a hand-crafted benchmark designed to evaluate LLMs' everyday knowledge across diverse cultures and languages, is introduced and shows that LLMs perform better for cultures that are highly represented online, with a maximum 57.34% difference in GPT-4, the best-performing model, in the short-answer format.
This first attempt to describe major disparities in access to fertility care in the context of the global trend of decreasing growth in the world population, based on a narrative review of the existing literature is presented.
CVQA is constructed, a new Culturally-diverse multilingual Visual Question Answering benchmark, designed to cover a rich set of languages and cultures, where native speakers and cultural experts in the data collection process and can serve as a probing evaluation suite for assessing the cultural capability and bias of multimodal models.
This work explores how increasingly capable AI agents may generate the perception of deeper relationships with users, especially as AI becomes more personalised and agentic.
To accelerate an end to diabetes stigma and discrimination, an international multidisciplinary expert panel conducted rapid reviews and participated in a three-round Delphi survey process, achieving unanimous consensus on a pledge to end diabetes stigma and discrimination.
In a pooled analysis of 11 postapproval studies of F/TDF for PrEP among cisgender women, overall HIV incidence was 0.72 per 100 person-years; individuals with consistently daily or consistently high adherence to PrEP experienced very low HIV incidence.
This paper presents the EBER chatbot, designed to reduce the digital gap for the elderly, which is made possible by combining Artificial Intelligence Modelling Language, automatic Natural Language Generation and Sentiment Analysis and makes accessing digital content of interest by combining words extracted from user answers to chatbot questions with keywords extracted from the news items.
The observed trend of increased self-harm notifications and suicide rates in Brazil suggests the need for a greater allocation of resources to strategies to prevent self-harm and suicide.
A scoping review of studies examining barriers to accessing cancer treatment for populations experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage in high-income countries found the compounding effect of multiple barriers exacerbated poor access to cancer treatment, with relevance across many social locations.
The markedly elevated rate of death in the first week post-release underscores an urgent need for investment in evidence-based, coordinated transitional healthcare, including treatment for mental illness and substance use disorders to prevent post-release deaths due to suicide and overdose.
The potential for improved health outcomes, heightened patient engagement, and the delivery of culturally relevant services within LMICs is highlighted, as well as innovative approaches and success stories in implementing patient-centered care.
This review demonstrated that understanding intersectional characteristics (age, gender, disability, race, ethnicity, Indigenous identity and immigration status) and their interconnections is crucial for analyzing the dynamics of digital (in)equity and divide.
This study presents, for the first time in GBD, a quantification of the mean age at the time of suicide death, alongside comprehensive estimates of the burden of suicide throughout the world.
The scope of social aspects of pain is examined and a framework synthesizing existing concepts and potential areas for future work on social aspects of pain is provided, drawing upon socioecological, intersectional, and life course approaches.
The first comprehensive study of gendered emotion attribution in five state-of-the-art LLMs (open- and closed-source) is presented, finding that all models consistently exhibit gendered emotions, influenced by gender stereotypes.
A study examining how cities can foster well-being and positive mental health in young residents synthesizes opinions from researchers, practitioners, advocates and young people, highlighting factors that policymakers and urban planners should consider.
As birth year increased, mean age at menarche decreased and time to regularity increased in this cohort study of 71 341 individuals in the US, the trends were stronger among racial and ethnic minority groups and individuals of low self-rated socioeconomic status.
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