It is argued that social scientists can address many of these limitations of Generative AI by creating open-source infrastructure for research on human behavior, not only to ensure broad access to high-quality research tools, but also because the progress of AI will require deeper understanding of the social forces that guide human behavior.
GPT-4 did not appropriately model the demographic diversity of medical conditions, consistently producing clinical vignettes that stereotype demographic presentations, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive and transparent bias assessments of LLM tools such as GPT-4 for intended use cases before they are integrated into clinical care.
The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) forecasting model was based on projections of completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCF50; the average number of children born over time to females from a specified birth cohort), which yields more stable and accurate measures of fertility than directly modelling TFR.
This work explores how increasingly capable AI agents may generate the perception of deeper relationships with users, especially as AI becomes more personalised and agentic.
A taxonomy for risks and benefits of personalized LLMs is developed and the need for normative decisions on what are acceptable bounds of personalization is discussed, to enable users to benefit from personalized alignment while safeguarding against harmful impacts for individuals and society.
This first attempt to describe major disparities in access to fertility care in the context of the global trend of decreasing growth in the world population, based on a narrative review of the existing literature is presented.
BLEnD, a hand-crafted benchmark designed to evaluate LLMs' everyday knowledge across diverse cultures and languages, is introduced and shows that LLMs perform better for cultures that are highly represented online, with a maximum 57.34% difference in GPT-4, the best-performing model, in the short-answer format.
CVQA is constructed, a new Culturally-diverse multilingual Visual Question Answering benchmark, designed to cover a rich set of languages and cultures, where native speakers and cultural experts in the data collection process and can serve as a probing evaluation suite for assessing the cultural capability and bias of multimodal models.
How concepts of culture and context feature in design and development processes, including the methods, models, and content of digital health interventions are examined, with the aim of helping researchers to make informed decisions about how to approach cultural adaptation in digital health.
This study presents, for the first time in GBD, a quantification of the mean age at the time of suicide death, alongside comprehensive estimates of the burden of suicide throughout the world.
Findings highlight the need for public health interventions to address these social factors and improve health outcomes in older adults and identify longer follow-up, female sex, validated social network indices, adjustments for cognitive function, and study quality as significant predictors of mortality risks.
To accelerate an end to diabetes stigma and discrimination, an international multidisciplinary expert panel conducted rapid reviews and participated in a three-round Delphi survey process, achieving unanimous consensus on a pledge to end diabetes stigma and discrimination.
Lower MIRs in socioeconomically developed nations suggest the impact of early detection and treatment access to improve patients’ outcomes and a moderate inverse correlation between MIR and human development index (HDI).
The potential for improved health outcomes, heightened patient engagement, and the delivery of culturally relevant services within LMICs is highlighted, as well as innovative approaches and success stories in implementing patient-centered care.
Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic stages 3–4, but not stages 1–2, had higher premature mortality, and there were sex and age differences in the associations of CKM stages with premature mortality.
It is suggested that US youth nicotine pouch use and dual use with e-cigarettes increased from 2023 to 2024, and surveillance, regulation, and prevention efforts addressing pediatric nicotine use are warranted.
In a pooled analysis of 11 postapproval studies of F/TDF for PrEP among cisgender women, overall HIV incidence was 0.72 per 100 person-years; individuals with consistently daily or consistently high adherence to PrEP experienced very low HIV incidence.
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